Medieval India refers to the post classical era roughly between the 8th century to 18th century CE.
Dynasties of Northern India :-
- The Arab Invasion (711-715 A.D)—Mohd. Bin Quasem-1st Arab invader
- The Turkish Invasion (986-1206 A.D)
a) Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni (997-1030 A.D)
b) Mohd. Ghori (1175-1206 A.D)
Till now the Arab rulers invaded India. They were attracted by the wealth and prosperity of India. But they did not settle in India. The rulers who came after Mohd. Ghori intended on settling here and ruling the land.
3. The Slave Dynasty (1206-1290 A.D)
a) Qutub-ud-din Aibak (1206-1210)
b) Iltutmish (1211-1236)
c) Rukn-ud-din (1236)
d) Razia Sultana (1236-1239)
e) Bahram Shah (1240-1242)
f) Masud Shah (1242-1246)
g) Nasir-ud-din Mohammad (1246-1266)
h) Ghiaz-ud-din Balban (1266-1287)
4. The Khilji Dynasty (1290-1320 A.D)
a) Jalal-ud-din khilji (1290-1296)
b) Alauddin Khilji (1996-1316)
c) Malik Kafur (1315)
d) Mubarak Khan (1316-1320)
e) Khusrau Khan (1320)
5. The Tughlaq Dynasty (1320-1414)
a) Ghiaz-ud-din Tughlaq
b) Mohd.-bin- Tughlaq
c) Firoz Shah Tughlaq
d) Nasir-ud-din Tughlaq
6. The Sayyid Dynasty (1414-1450)
7. The Lodhi Dynasty (1451-1526)
a) Bahlul Lodhi
b) Sikander Lodhi
c) Ibrahim Lodhi
8. The Mughal Dynasty (1526-1540 and 1555-1857)
Perhaps the most remarkable era of the Medieval India was the era of the Mughal Dynasty. The Mughals were descendants of the central Asian tribe. The 1st Mughal Emperor of India Zahir-ud-din Babur was the great grandson of Timur Lenk who had invaded India in 1398. After the Gupta era during the classical Age of Indian history, it was for the first time such a vast empire was established. The mughals brought in a new form of art and culture with them. This in the process of time got inducted into the Indian culture and gave rise to a rich art form be that in art, architecture, music etc.
The early Mughals (1526-1556 AD)
- Zahir-ud-din Babur (1526-1530 AD) : Founded the Mughal empire in India.
- Humayun (1530-1540 and 1554-1556 AD)
Humayun fought Battle of Chausa (1539) and Battle of Kanauj (1540) against Sher Shah Suri and was defeated. He fled to Persia. After Sher Shah’s death he invaded India and won his empire back.
The golden age of Mughals: 1556-1707 A.D
- Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar (1556-1605 A.D)
- Jahangir (1605-1627 A.D)
- Shahjahan (1628-1658 AD)
- Aurangzeb (1659-1707 AD)
After Aurangzeb there was a line of weak and incompetent rulers which paved the way for Nadir Shah’s invasion and plunder and finally the colonalisation of the country by the English.
[NOTE: many historic battles were fought during medieval and modern era. Please refer to Famous Indian Battles
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