Common Acid and Bases
Names |
Formula |
Acids |
|
Hydrofluoric acid |
HF |
Hydrochloric acid |
HCl |
Hydrobromic acid |
HBr |
Hydroiodic Acid |
HI |
Hydrogen Sulphide |
H2S |
Nitric |
HNO3 |
Hypochlorous |
HClO |
Chlorous |
HClO2 |
Chloric |
HClO3 |
Perchloric |
HClO4 |
Sulphyric |
H2SO4 |
Sulphurous |
H2SO3 |
Phosphoric |
H2PO4 |
Phosphorous |
H2PO5 |
Carbonic |
H2CO3 |
Acetic |
CH2COOH (C2H3O2) |
Oxalic |
HOOC-COOH (C2H2O4) |
Boric |
H3BO3 |
Silicic |
H2SiO3 |
Bases |
|
Sodium Hydroxide |
NaOH |
Potassium Hydroxide |
KOH |
Ammonium Hydroxide |
NH4OH |
Calcium Hydroxide |
Ca(OH)2 |
Magnesium Hydroxide |
Mg(OH)2 |
Barium Hydroxide |
Ba(OH)2 |
Aluminium Hydroxide |
Al(OH)3 |
Ferrous Hydroxide |
Fe(OH)2 |
Ferric Hydroxide |
Fe(OH)3 |
Zinc Hydroxide |
Zn(OH)2 |
Lithium Hydroxide |
LiOH |
Some simple rules to remember the names of common acids and their salts:
- “-ic” acids form “-ate” salts :- example, Sulphuric acid forms Sulphate salts.
- “-ous” acids form “-ite” salts :- example, Sulphurous Acid forms Sulphite salts.
- “hydro-“ + “ic” acids form “-ide” salts. : – example, hydrochloric acid forms chloride salts.
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