Constitutional Provisions Adopted From Different Countries

The Constitution of India is the lengthiest and most detailed constitution in the world. Our Constitution originally had 395 articles which were divided into 22 parts and 9 schedules. Currently it has 448 articles, 12 schedules, 5 appendices and 100 amendments.

It was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949, and came into effect on 26 January 1950.

Many of the Constitutional provisions have been adopted from the constitution of various countries. The drafting committee researched existing Constitutions of different countries and tried to incorporate the best features in to our Constitution.

Here is the list of Constitutional Provisions Adopted From Different Countries.

Features	Country
Parliamentary form of government Single Citizenship Rule of Law Legislation Office of CAG Bi-cameral parliamentary system	Britain
Fundamental Rights Electoral College Office of the Vice- President Independence of the judiciary and separation of powers among the three branches of the government Judicial review President as supreme commander of armed forces Impeachment of President and SC & HC Judges	USA
Freedom of trade and commerce within the country and between the states Concurrent List Joint sitting of Parliament	Australia
Directive Principles of State Policy Election process of President Nomination of members by President	Ireland
Emergency Provision Suspension of Rights during Emergency	Germany
Preamble Fundamental Rights	USSR
Amendment of Constitution Indirect elections of Rajya Sabha members	South Africa
Quasi-federal form of government Distribution of powers between the central government and state governments Residual powers retained by the central government Review role of Supreme Court	Canada
Ideals of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity	France
Procedure established by Law	Japan

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